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Search Technique Guide

Evaluating Sources

It is important to critically examine sources to determine their usefulness to your assignment. A quick, easy way to evaluate sources is to apply the CRAAP test.
CURRENCY
  • When was the information written?
  • When was the information revised or updated?
RELEVANCE
  • Does the information relate to your topic or answer your research question?
  • Is the information written at an appropriate level (scholarly, popular, etc.)?
AUTHORITY
  • What are the author's credentials, qualifications, affiliations, and experiences?
ACCURACY
  • Are valid sources cited?
  • Is the information reviewed or refereed?
  • Are there any spelling or grammar errors?
PURPOSE
  • Is the information written to inform, teach, sell, entertain, or persuade?
  • Does the author indicate a purpose, or goal, and is it achieved?
  • Is there any bias, opinion, judgment, etc., expressed?