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MLA 9 Writing Guide

In-Text Citations (6.2)

When you reference another source in the body of your paper, use a parenthetical citation (place source information in parentheses after a quote or a paraphrase)

The citation begins with whatever comes first in the works cited entry:

  • Either the author’s last name or the title of the work if there is no clear author
  • If there is a location marker (page number, line number, time stamp, or other indicator of place), include in the citation

The citation information you provide in-text corresponds to the source's information on the Works Cited page.  The initial word or phrase you use must be the first word that appears in the corresponding source entry in the Works Cited list.

Give the last name(s) and the page number (if known) in the citation.

According to Alfred Jones, world-renowned sandwich maker, the world’s best sandwich is made up of crusty bread, a generous slice of brie, tomato, and a high-quality honey mustard (Jones 13)

Corresponding Works Cited entry

Jones, Alfred. “The Food Pyramid.” Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cnpp.usda.gov/sites/default/files/archived_projects/FGPPamphlet.pdf. 

Cite what comes first in your Works Cited entry.

Information found on Wikipedia points out that while Red Lories generally thrive when kept as pets, “the subspecies Buru Red Lory…is often confused in captivity…” (“Red Lory”).

Corresponding Works Cited entry

“Red Lory.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., 12 March 2010, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_lory.

Cite what comes first in your Works Cited entry.

According to one study of climate change, the "speed of warming is more than ten times that at the end of an ice age, the fastest known natural sustained change on a global scale" (National Academy 9).

Corresponding Works Cited entry

Nation Academy of Sciences and the Royal Society. Climate Change: Evidence and Causes: Update 2020. National Academies Press, 2020,

https://doi.org/10.1226/25733. PDF download.

For further information and detailed citation examples, see the SMWC Writing Guide below.